Media for growing plants and the method of manufacture

ABSTRACT

The present media is to be used with a particulate base having particles of a first maximum diameter for growing plants. The media includes granules which are of biodegradable recycled material and have a diameter relative to the first maximum diameter to penetrate further into the particulate base with each watering. The granules include plant nutrients and are of a material which coagulates after watering and adheres to the particulates of the base. The diameter of the granules may be in the range of 1/16 to ⅛ of an inch.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure is directed to a media for growing plants andmore specifically, to a media for enhancing the growing of plants in aparticulate base.

Soil or another base for which plants are grown is a mixture ofdifferently sized fragments of rocks, minerals, plants and animaldebris, organic material mixed with water and decomposed over years andtransformed into what is known as conventional soil. At beachfronts orin deserts all of these elements are not present to create the soilwhich is either stable or have the appropriate nutrients produced by thedecomposition of the natural materials which constitute soil.

The use of recycled material to create nutrients for fertilizing forsoil is well-known.

Mulch, compost or other techniques generally used recycled wood, paper,tree limbs, grass and other vegetable waste. Compost generally has alongitudinal shape in the size of approximately ¼ to ⅛ of an inch.Compost material must be continuously watered to decompose and generallyrequires up to 21 days. Bacteria, viruses and other pollutants are inthe compost since they are required for the decomposition. When thecompost is added to the soil or the base material, these bacteria andviruses exist. If the compost or mulch is only placed on the top, itgenerally absorbs some of the water while allowing some of it to seepthrough and to wash the bacteria and other pollutants into the soil andultimately the water table. Mulch and compost offer some degree of abarrier for evaporation of the moisture from the soil. The compost isintroduced into the soil by mechanical or manual processing with a hoe,rake or other tools. While providing nutrients, compost does notnecessarily bond with or adhere to a granular base such as sand or sandysoil. Thus the stability of the sand or a particulate base is a functionof the root system of the product therein.

The present media is used with a particulate base which addresses allthe problems related to compost, mulch and other prior soil enrichmentproducts.

The present media is to be used with a particulate base having particlesof a first maximum diameter for growing plants. The media includesgranules which are of biodegradable recycled material and have adiameter relative to the first maximum diameter to penetrate furtherinto the particulate base with each watering. The granules include plantnutrients and are of a material which coagulates after watering andadheres to the particulates of the base. The diameter of the granulesmay be in the range of 1/16 to ⅛ of an inch.

A method of treating a particulate base having particles of a firstmaximum diameter for growing plants includes applying a media ofgranules having a diameter in the range of the first maximum diameteronto the particulate base; and repeatedly watering the media on theparticulate base to allow the granules to penetrate further into theparticulate base with each watering. The granules are of a materialwhich coagulates to stabilize the particulate base between wateringsand/or retain the water during waterings.

A method, of preparing the present media to be used with a particulatebase having particles of a first maximum diameter for growing plants,includes reducing a starting material to particles of a size below asecond maximum dimension; dividing the particles into first and secondgroups; and treating the first group with a first solution and thesecond group with a second solution different that the first solutionwhich breaks down the particles. The two groups of broken down particlesare combined and the two solutions are allowed to chemically react andproduce a mass of particles which are conducive to plant growth. Themass granulated into granules of a diameter below the second maximumdiameter as the media.

The second maximum dimension may be 0.5 inches and the third maximumdiameter of the granules may be below 0.25 inches. The diameter of thegranules may be in the range of 1/16 to ⅛ of an inch. If the startingmaterial is biodegradable recycled material, the granules are sanitized,for example, by ultra violate radiation. The particles may also bewashed before treating. The first solution may be potassium hydroxideand the second solution may be nitric acid.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A through 1C are graphic representations of a sand particulatebase before the application of the present media, two weeks after theapplication of the present media and watering and six weeks afterapplication of the present media and watering, respectfully.

FIGS. 2A through 2C are cross-sectional representations of the rootsystem of media treated sandy soil, sand and clay soil, respectively.

FIGS. 3A through 3C are cross-sectional representations of waterabsorption of media treated sandy soil, agricultural sand soil and claysoil, respectively.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the method of producing the present media.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

A particulate base 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a top surface 12and particles 14 and 16. Particle 14 being represented as the largestparticle in the sand base 10 having a diameter D1. As illustrated inFIG. 1B, the present granular media 20 has a diameter D2. The diameterD2 is shown on the range of the maximum diameter D1 of the largestparticle 14 in the particulate base 10. Please note that sand is beingdescribed as particulate base 10, but any particulate bases may be usedwhich require enrichment and stabilization for the growth of plants. Itshould also be noted that the plants include grass, flowers, trees,bushes, vegetables, etc. The granular media 20 includes nutrients toenhance the growth of the plants in the particulate base 10.

The specific diameter D2 of the granules are in the range of the maximumparticle D1 to allow it to penetrate from the surface 12 into theparticulate base 10 without any mechanical or manual activity. Thegranular media 20 are applied to surface 12 and watered. After twoweeks, the granular media 20 penetrates to a depth of P1, as shown inFIG. 1B. This may be, for example, ⅜ of an inch. After daily watering,the granular media 20 continues to penetrate further from the surface 12into the particulate base 10. As illustrated in FIG. 1C, after six weeksit has a depth of penetration of P2. P2 has been shown to be, forexample, ¾ of an inch. The structure of the granular media 20 is suchthat after each watering and penetration, it coagulates and adheres toand stabilizes the particles 14 and 16 of the particulate base 10. Themovement or growth of the roots also displace the sand particle andgranular media and allows further penetration of the granular media.This by itself prevents erosion by wind or other water of theparticulate base 10 and provides a stabilized base.

For the experiments conducted to date, it has been found that theparticulate size is preferable to be in the range of 1/16 to ⅛ of aninch. Also a substantially round shape versus an elongated shape is alsopreferred. Diameter D1 of the particle 14 of particulate base 10 may bein the range of 1/32 to 1/16 of an inch. As the particle size of theparticulate base 10 decreases, less of the granular media 20 is neededsince more particulate would adhere to the granules. As the size of theparticulate base 10 increases more of the product is needed so thatthere is an appropriate adhesion to the larger size particles of theparticulate base 10.

Comparison of the root system is graphically illustrated in FIGS. 2Athrough 2C. The soil in 2A is a media induced sandy soil 30A with theplants 32A grown thereon with a root system 34A. In FIG. 2B, the soil issand or agricultural sand soil 30B having plants 32B and root system34B. In FIG. 2C the base is clay 30C, the plants are 32C and the rootsystem is 34C. The plants 32A in the media sandy soil of FIG. 2A aresubstantially thicker than that in FIGS. 2B and 2C for sand and clay,respectfully. Also, the root system substantially denser in lateralexpansion as well as depth. This results because of the naturalpenetration of the granular media 20 into the soil providing nutrientsat a lower level. Also the nutrients are provided in a greaterconcentration throughout the media sandy soil 30A. Water retention willbe discussed with respect to FIGS. 3A through 3C.

As illustrated in FIGS. 3A through 3C the water 40 from daily wateringproduces a different amount of runoff or flow through to a water table42A, B and C for FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C. The amount of runoff 42A of themedia sandy soil 30A is substantially less than the runoff 42B of theagricultural sand 30B and the runoff 42C of the clay soil 30C. The mediasandy soil 30A has a greater retention of the water. This would reducethe amount of watering needed since very little of it would seep throughinto the water table.

The process for creating the granular media 20 of the present media isillustrated in

FIG. 4. Starting material 50 which may be recyclable biodegradablematerial, for example, wood, paper, tree limbs, grass or other vegetablematter. The starting material 50 is reduced in size by step 52. This maybe by mechanical methods including grinding and crushing. The maximumdimension of the first reduction step 52 should be less than half aninch. This may be a two-step process. The first crushing and grindingmay reduce the initial size of recycled material 50 to ⅜ to ¾ of aninch. A second grinding stage reduces the particle size to ⅛ to 3/16 ofan inch. Next the reduced sized particles are then washed step 54. Thisis an initial cleansing operation of the recycled materials.

The washed materials are then divided into two lines. Half of the batchis treated with a first solution at 56A and the second half is treatedwith a second solution 56B. The materials are combined and react at step58. The solutions are substantially absorbed into the materials. Thecombined material are stirred by a mixer. Additives 60 may be introducedat this stage depending upon the particular application. For example,calcium sulfite may be added to reduce the salinity of the particulatebase 10. This may also be additional nutrients or fertilizer.

As an example, the first solution of step 56A may be potassium hydroxideand the second solution at step 56B may be nitric acid. When they arecombined and allowed to react at step 58, they produce water andpotassium nitrate which is a fertilizer. The chemicals are selected tobreakdown the initial recyclable material chemically versus thedecomposition as in compost or mulch. The production of a fertilizer isa byproduct of the process, but not a necessity. The importance is thatthe two strong solutions, used to breakdown the reduced size startingmaterial 50 into a paste, when combined produce a neutral orecologically friendly product.

The chemical treatment and reaction produces a paste or dough-typematerial and the product of step 58 is then granulized at step 62. Thegranules have a diameter below ¼ inch and preferably in the range of1/16 to ⅛ of an inch. This results in the granular media 64.

Additionally to prevent any bacteria or viruses from entering the watertable, a sanitation process performed at step 66. The sanitation step 66may be by well-known methods, for example, ultra-violet radiation. Thegranules are dried at step 68 and bagged at step 70.

The method of FIG. 4 has been mechanized using conveyers in variousstations to perform the various steps. A typical throughput requiresonly about ten minutes. This is substantial reduction in time comparedto the preparation of compost which is 21 days involving naturaldecomposition. As previously discussed the granular media provides therequired nutrients and base for the growth of the plants. It has agreater absorption of moisture to then previous products. It's adhesionto the particulate base offers stability to the base as well as waterretention. With continual watering, the particulates penetrate furtherinto the soil thereby increasing the root growth and the density of theplants. The stabilization of the base with the increased waterretention, prevents undesirable material reaching the water table.

Although the present invention has been described and illustrated indetail, it is to be clearly understood that this is done by way ofillustration and example only and is not to be taken by way oflimitation. The scope of the present invention is to be limited only bythe terms of the appended claims.

What is claimed:
 1. A method of preparing a media to be used with aparticulate base having particles of a first maximum diameter forgrowing plants, the method comprising: reducing a starting material toparticles of a size below a second maximum dimension; dividing theparticles into first and second groups; treating the first group with afirst solution and the second group with a second solution differentthat the first solution which breaks down the particles; combining thetwo groups of broken down particles and allowing the two solutions tochemically react and produce a mass of particles which are conducive toplant growth; and granulate the mass into granules of a third maximumdiameter below the second maximum diameter as the media.
 2. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the second maximum dimension is 0.5 inchesand the third maximum diameter of the granules is below 0.25 inches 3.The method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the granules isin the range of 1/16 to ⅛ of an inch.
 4. The method according to claim1, wherein the starting material is biodegradable recycled material andincluding the step of sanitizing the granules.
 5. The method accordingto claim 4, wherein the granules are sanitized using ultra violateradiation.
 6. The method according to claim 4, including washing theparticles before treating.
 7. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe first solution is potassium hydroxide and the second solution isnitric acid.
 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the chemicallyreaction produce a mass of particles which are free of ecologicallydamaging containments.
 9. The method according to claim 1, includingadding fertilizer to the mass.
 10. The method according to claim 1,including adding nutrients to the mass for a specific plant.
 11. Themethod according to claim 1, including drying the granules.
 12. Themethod according to claim 1, including adding calcium sulfate to themass.
 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the starting materialis biodegradable.
 14. A method of treating a particulate base havingparticles of a first maximum diameter for growing plants comprising:applying a media of granules having a maximum diameter in the range ofthe first maximum diameter onto the particulate base; and repeatedlywatering the media on the particulate base to allow the granules topenetrate further into the particulate base with each watering.
 15. Themethod according to claim 14, wherein the diameter of the granules is inthe range of 1/16 to ⅛ of an inch.
 16. The method according to claim 14,wherein the granules are of a material which coagulates to stabilize theparticulate base between waterings.
 17. The method according to claim14, wherein the granules are of a material which coagulates afterwaterings to retain the water during.
 18. The method according to claim14, wherein the granules include nutrients and fertilizers.
 19. Themethod according to claim 14, wherein the media is produced by themethod of claim
 1. 20. A media to be used with a particulate base havingparticles of a first maximum diameter for growing plants, the mediaincluding granules which comprise: biodegradable recycled material;having a diameter relative to the first maximum diameter to penetratefurther into the particulate base with each watering; and coagulatesafter watering to adhere to the particulates of the base.
 21. The mediaaccording to claim 20, wherein the diameter of the granules is in therange of 1/16 to ⅛ of an inch.
 22. The media according to claim 20,wherein the granules are sanitized.